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ADHD and Anxiety Medication People suffering from ADHD frequently suffer from co-occurring anxiety disorders. Anxiety can trigger restlessness, irritability and trouble sleeping. The use of stimulants can ease these symptoms, but they can also cause side effects such as the development of tics and minor reduction in growth in children and adolescents. Additionally, some people find their anxiety worsens when taking stimulant medications. Stimulants Stimulants are substances used to treat attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and Narcolepsy. They are also popular among recreational drug users as stimulants and performance-enhancing substances because of their ability to increase energy, alertness and focus. They are available in capsules, tablets crystals that are chunky and clear, or a white or brown powder. Large doses of stimulants can cause over-stimulation and result in anxiety, stomach cramps, panic attacks or paranoia. Long-term use of stimulants may also lead to addiction and serious side effects such as heart problems as well as high blood pressure and stroke. The medications that are typically prescribed to treat ADHD also have a proven track record for alleviating the symptoms of anxiety. They help by increasing the amount of brain chemicals dopamine and norepinephrine which are typically lower in people with ADHD. This improves the activity and communication between the various parts of the brain that regulate attention and executive functions. This leads to increased impulse control and anxiety symptoms decrease. Both atomoxetine (as as well as methylphenidate) reduce anxiety symptoms in adults with ADHD who also have anxiety disorders. Anxiety symptom improvement was seen from the fourth week of treatment for both drugs and the effect was continued for 8 weeks of treatment. It is important to note that the type of medication that may be most effective in treating anxiety and ADHD co-occurring disorders could come down to which condition is more affecting the quality of life of a person. For instance, a person might experience a lot of anxiety-inducing episodes on a regular basis while they rush to make appointments or try to stay on top of projects for school or work. These can be distressing and cause anxiety more often than the symptoms of a panic attack or phobia. In these instances antidepressants or SSRIs are the best option to alleviate anxiety-related symptoms. These medications have been proven to be effective at the reduction of anxiety levels among adults. These are usually taken orally and may take a bit longer to take effect, but the most popular options are selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) such as Sertraline and Fluoxetine, as well as serotonin and norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) such as duloxetine and venlafaxine. These medications can be used in conjunction with cognitive-behavioral treatments for anxiety. They are especially beneficial when a patient is suffering from high or racing heart rate. SSRIs Antidepressants, like SSRIs (antidepressant drugs), are often used to treat anxiety disorders. The drug that is the most popular in this group is fluoxetine, also known as Prozac. The SSRIs are also able to treat depression, obsessive-compulsive disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder. These medications are more adaptable and have less side negative effects than the older generation of antidepressants. The SSRIs block the reuptake of serotonin at synapses. This causes the neurotransmitter in the synapse and signal the post synaptic cells more than would be the case otherwise. This can increase the production of norepinephrine and reduce anxiety. It can also lead to an increase in the levels of neuronal cyclicAMP (cAMP) which stimulates protein production. In addition, the SSRIs can reduce impulsivity and decrease hyperactivity. They also can improve sleep quality and decrease agitation for some people with ADHD. However, these drugs can increase the possibility of suicidal behavior and thoughts among some people. They may also increase appetite and weight gain when they first begin. SNRIs are a different kind of antidepressant than SSRIs. SNRIs stop the reuptake serotonin and norepinephrine. Similar to SSRIs they may have an effect on anxiety, but they can also improve the functioning of heart muscle and the blood vessels, which may reduce anxiety and stress. People with bipolar disorder also benefit from their use. Duloxetine (Cymbalta), venlafaxine, (Effexor XR, Pristiq) and desvenlafaxine are the most commonly used SNRIs. SNRIs can cause blood pressure to increase in some people, so those with high blood pressure and heart disease should not take them. There are many treatment options for anxiety and ADHD that can be employed alongside medication. Meditation and mindfulness techniques can reduce anxiety and stress. Some people find tapping on specific body points or techniques for emotional freedom can help lower cortisol levels which is the hormone responsible for anxiety. Exercise and diet can also reduce anxiety. Your doctor may suggest that you eat whole grains, fruits and vegetables, and avoid sugar, as it can increase anxiety for certain ADHD children and adults. Non-stimulant-based drugs While stimulants are extremely effective in treating ADHD, and have been extensively researched but they are not the best choice for those who also suffer from anxiety or ADHD. Stimulant medications may cause adverse effects such as jitteriness, rapid heart rate, and nervousness that may be similar to or worsen anxiety symptoms. Since 2002, non-stimulant medications have been used for ADHD (under the brand name Strattera). They don't increase heart rate or blood pressure, and are less likely than stimulant drugs to cause anxiety-related side effects like shaking, sweating or nervousness. Atomoxetine targets receptors for norepinephrine, a chemical in the brain. It can improve concentration and reduce impulsivity and hyperactivity. It has also been shown to alleviate anxiety symptoms in adolescents and children with ADHD. Researchers gathered clinical articles from PubMed, EMBASE and PsycINFO to find out if atomoxetine improved anxiety in adolescents and children with ADHD. Another medication that is effective in helping with anxiety symptoms is bupropion, which is a drug that targets the brain chemical dopamine. Bupropion is often recommended for people with co-occurring depression and ADHD. It can also help improve mood and decrease symptoms of anxiety. It is usually best to address the anxiety first before treating ADHD. This will usually help to alleviate the symptoms of anxiety. It is very common for kids with ADHD to experience issues with anxiety, and in a few cases the anxiety is actually caused by their ADHD symptoms. The most effective approach to treat anxiety in these circumstances is usually cognitive-behavioral therapies and psychostimulants. This is because these treatments tackle the root cause of the problem and help reduce ADHD symptoms, which will in turn, reduce anxiety. Antidepressants are also frequently prescribed for those with co-existing ADHD and anxiety. SSRI antidepressants, which target serotonin in the brain can ease anxiety symptoms and improve mood. Examples include Zoloft Lexapro, and Sertraline. Your doctor will ultimately decide what medication is most suitable for you. They will look at your lifestyle, symptoms and age, as well as other health conditions before suggesting any medication. It is important to discuss with your doctor your goals for treatment and adhere to a regular schedule when taking any medication. Other options Other options for treatment may be beneficial for managing ADHD or anxiety, based on your health goals. iampsychiatry.uk include mindfulness yoga, meditation, tapping (Emotional Freedom Techniques) sleep nutrition, exercise, and healthy eating habits. People who are anxious are more likely to develop symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder according to Dr. Hallowell says, which makes it difficult to treat both conditions at the same time. He usually prescribes stimulants first to address ADHD before turning to non-stimulant medications like bupropion, atomoxetine, or guanfacine to treat anxiety disorders. These medications are available 24/7 and are not controlled substances, similar to stimulants.